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| KUNDT'S TUBE |
| Interference of Waves |
| Sound wave of known frequency is passed through a closed glass tube filled with saw dust, it reflects back and interferes with the transmitted wave to form different standing wave patterns depending on the frequency of the transmitted wave. |
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| VISUALISE YOUR SOUND |
| Sound waves are vibrational waves |
| The vibrating diaphragm due to pressure helps to see our sound. |
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| SINGING BOWL |
| Resonant frequency |
| As the frequency of the rubbing reaches that at which the bowl naturally vibrates and resonance takes place exhibiting lively dance of water droplets as they emit a haunting sound. |
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| SHOCK WAVE |
| Longitudinal wave propagation |
| A diaphragm is fixed on a drum. When it is hited, The sound waves propagate through vibrating air column which is observed with the help of few experiments. |
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| RIPPLE TANK |
| Formation and properties of Wave |
| A vibrator which is placed on a bath of water which forms waves and we can study various properties of waves such as reflection, interference, diffraction etc |
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| ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING |
| Blocking certain waves |
| Electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. |
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| WAVE MACHINE |
| Demonstration of transverse and longitudinal waves |
| The exhibit gives nice demonstration of longitudinal and transverse waves. |
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| TRANSVERSE WAVE |
| Reflection of Wave |
| Identical oscillators are mounted on a steel tape with equal spacing. When an oscillator is disturbed, the disturbance moves to neighboring oscillators. The torsion caused shows wave propagation in one dimension. The reflection from closed end can visualized. |
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| REDUCTION OF FRICTION |
| Contact between two surfaces causes friction |
| The friction can be reduced by introducing air cushion or any lubricant. Here we have V shaped surfaces with air jets achieving very low friction. |
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| BED OF NAILS |
| Force is getting distributed equally |
| While laying on one nail is enough to puncture a person's skin, laying on many distributed nails does not as pressure gets distributed equally. |
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| LIFT THE GLASS |
| Sunction: difference in air pressure |
| Once the rubber sheet is placed on the table, it takes lot of efforts to lift the glass from the center whereas it can be lifted from corners. The air pressure below is reduced and outer pressure is more. It is due to suction i.e. difference in air pressure. |
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| COLOUR MIXER |
| Interference of light |
| Three LED's of colour Red, Green and blue interfere to get shades of different colours. The intensity of each of the LED can be controlled with the help of an electronic controller. |
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| LASER RAY KIT |
| Light travels in straight line |
| The kit demonstrates the working of human eye, photographic camera, Galileo telescope, periscope, Kepler telescope and spherical aberration. |
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| 3D HOLOGRAM |
| Multiple Reflections |
| 3D projection that exists freely in space and is visible to everyone without the need for 3D glasses. |
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| TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION |
| Total internal reflection |
| A laser beam is passed through a measuring cylinder which we can observe that is getting totally reflected internally within the measuring cylinder |
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| CONVEX - CONCAVE MIRROR |
| Reflections from plain, convex and concave surfaces |
| A plastic coated foil is wrapped on a plastic tub with a hole. A tube is inserted in the hole so that we can blow air inside the bowl to make it a convex mirror, and suck out air from it to make it a concave mirror |
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| PLASMA GLOBE |
| Ionic discharge |
| The globe i.e. glass bulb is filled with inert gases. If there is high voltage of frequency, the discharge takes place from high to low voltage i.e. from center of the bulb to outside. Once we touch, the spark can be seen. Human body better conductor than surrounding air. Due to small current we do not get shock. |
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| CONVEX - CONCAVE MIRROR |
| Reflections from plain, convex and concave surfaces |
| A plastic coated foil is wrapped on a plastic tub with a hole. A tube is inserted in the hole so that we can blow air inside the bowl to make it a convex mirror, and suck out air from it to make it a concave mirror |
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| LINEAR TO CIRCULAR MOTION CONVERTER |
| Motion coverter |
| It gives the demonstration of conversion of linear motion to circular motion. |
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| ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS |
| Centrifugal force |
| The tub mounted on bicycle hub is rotated with the help of paddle system. Initially ball rolls with bowl and reaches around the walls and rises up due to curvature. When speed is increased, it escapes the bowl due to centrifugal force. |
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| WAVE WITH BALLS |
| Variation is length of the pendulum causes change in period. |
| A pendulum consists of a bob attached by a string to a pivot point. The force of gravity acts in a downward direction and does work upon the pendulum bob. All balls are allowed to move at the same time but due to variation in length, period of each pendulum is different which gives the feel of wave. |
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| RACING TRACKS |
| Conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy |
| When a body slides on an inclined plane its loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy. If two tracks have different curvatures then which ball will come down faster? |
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| LIFT YOURSELF |
| Efforts are reduced with pulley system |
| Using 4 pulley system and single rope, you can lift yourself. |
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| GYROSCOPE |
| Conservation of angular moentum |
| A rotating bicycle wheel has angular momentum, which is a property involving the speed of rotation, the mass of the wheel, and how the mass is distributed. |
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| VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR |
| Static electricity generator |
| A static electricity generator in which static electricity is produced by friction of belt and pulley and it is stored on a hollow metallic dome on which we can do a number of experiments |
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| WIMSHURT MACHINE |
| Wimshurt machine is an electrostatic generator used for generating high voltages. |
| Two insulating discs and their metal sectors rotate in opposite directions passing the crossed metal bars and their brushes. An imbalance of charges is induced, amplified, and collected by two pairs of metal combs with points placed near the surfaces of each disc. These collectors are mounted on insulating supports and connected to the output terminals. The positive feedback increases the accumulating charges exponentially until the dielectric breakdown voltage of the air is reached and an electric spark jumps across the gap. |
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| LEVITATING COIL |
| Lenz's Law |
| When we pass AC current through a copper coil kept on a copper plate it levitates due to repulsion of magnets. |
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| EDDY CURRENT BRAKE |
| Lenz's Law |
| Eddy currents are produced in a metallic disc when a strong neodymium magnet is brought near it, which produces a magnetic field that opposes the neodymium magnet. |
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| ELECTRIC SWING |
| Electromagnet |
| When current passes through the copper rod it becomes an electro-magnet and is attracted to the permanent magnet. The repeated on-off current makes the doll swing. |
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| DEMONSTRATION OF EDDY CURRENTS |
| Eddy currents oppose the motion of the magnet. |
| Eddy currents are circular electric currents induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor, due to Faraday’s law of induction.
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| MAGNETIC GUN |
| Transfer of kinetic energy |
| 1. Initially potential energy is stored up between the ball and the first magnet and feels attractive force due to magnetic field
2. As soon as first ball is released potential energy gets converted to kinetic energy i.e. energy of motion
6. With each added magnet, more kinetic energy accumulates in each launched ball.
3. The ball closest to the magnet is held pretty tight, but the second ball is farther away and doesn’t feel as strong attraction to the magnet |
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| CHARAKHA: ELECTRICITY GENERATOR |
| Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction |
| The mechanical energy helps to move the wire into the magnetic field of the magnet so that the wire cuts through the magnetic lines of force. As a result, electric current is produced. |
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